黨的二十大勝利召開，吹響了以中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化全面推進(jìn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的前進(jìn)號(hào)角。習(xí)近平總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)“教育、科技、人才是全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性支撐”，明確要求到 2035 年要建成教育強(qiáng)國(guó)、科技強(qiáng)國(guó)、人才強(qiáng)國(guó)。新時(shí)代新征程對(duì)科技界提出了更高的要求。當(dāng)前，世界科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展日新月異，不斷開辟新的認(rèn)知疆域，并成為帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的核心變量，新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革正處于蓄勢(shì)躍遷、快速迭代的關(guān)鍵階段。開展面向 2035 年的中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究，緊扣國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略需求，研判科技發(fā)展大勢(shì)，擘畫戰(zhàn)略、錨定方向，找準(zhǔn)學(xué)科發(fā)展路徑與方向，找準(zhǔn)科技創(chuàng)新的主攻方向和突破口，對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化“兩步走”戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)具有重要意義。
當(dāng)前，應(yīng)對(duì)全球性重大挑戰(zhàn)和轉(zhuǎn)變科學(xué)研究范式是當(dāng)代科學(xué)的時(shí)代特征之一。為此，各國(guó)政府不斷調(diào)整和完善科技創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略與政策，強(qiáng)化戰(zhàn)略科技力量部署，支持科技前沿態(tài)勢(shì)研判，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域研發(fā)投入，并積極培育戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，從而保證國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力。
擘畫戰(zhàn)略、錨定方向是搶抓科技革命先機(jī)的必然之策。當(dāng)前，新一輪科技革命蓬勃興起，科學(xué)發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)相互滲透和重新會(huì)聚的趨勢(shì)，在科學(xué)逐漸分化與系統(tǒng)持續(xù)整合的反復(fù)過程中，新的學(xué)科增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)不斷產(chǎn)生，并且衍生出一系列新興交叉學(xué)科和前沿領(lǐng)域。隨著知識(shí)生產(chǎn)的不斷積累和新興交叉學(xué)科的相繼涌現(xiàn)，學(xué)科體系和布局也在動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，構(gòu)建符合知識(shí)體系邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)并促進(jìn)知識(shí)與應(yīng)用融通的協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的學(xué)科體系尤為重要。
擘畫戰(zhàn)略、錨定方向是我國(guó)科技事業(yè)不斷取得歷史性成就的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？萍紕?chuàng)新一直是黨和國(guó)家治國(guó)理政的核心內(nèi)容。特別是黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央明確了我國(guó)建成世界科技強(qiáng)國(guó)的“三步走”路線圖，實(shí)施了《國(guó)家創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略綱要》，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)原始創(chuàng)新，并將著力點(diǎn)放在解決關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)背后的科學(xué)問題上。習(xí)近平總書記深刻指出：“基礎(chǔ)研究是整個(gè)科學(xué)體系的源頭。要瞄準(zhǔn)世界科技前沿，抓住大趨勢(shì)，下好‘先手棋’，打好基礎(chǔ)、儲(chǔ)備長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，甘于坐冷板凳，勇于做栽樹人、挖井人，實(shí)現(xiàn)前瞻性基礎(chǔ)研究、引領(lǐng)性原創(chuàng)成果重大突破，夯實(shí)世界科技強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)的根基?！?/p>
作為國(guó)家在科學(xué)技術(shù)方面最高咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)的中國(guó)科學(xué)院和國(guó)家支持基礎(chǔ)研究主渠道的國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱自然科學(xué)基金委），在夯實(shí)學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)、加強(qiáng)學(xué)科建設(shè)、引領(lǐng)科學(xué)研究發(fā)展方面擔(dān)負(fù)著重要的責(zé)任。早在新中國(guó)成立初期，中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部即組織全國(guó)有關(guān)專家研究編制了《1956—1967 年科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃》。該規(guī)劃的實(shí)施，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“兩彈一星”研制等一系列重大突破，為新中國(guó)逐步形成科學(xué)技術(shù)研究體系奠定了基礎(chǔ)。自然科學(xué)基金委自成立以來，通過學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究，服務(wù)于科學(xué)基金的資助與管理，不斷夯實(shí)國(guó)家知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)，增進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)研究面向國(guó)家需求的能力。2009 年，自然科學(xué)基金委和中國(guó)科學(xué)院聯(lián)合啟動(dòng)了“2011—2020 年中國(guó)學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究”。2012 年，雙方形成聯(lián)合開展學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究的常態(tài)化機(jī)制，持續(xù)研判科技發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)，為我國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域的方向選擇提供科學(xué)思想、路徑選擇和跨越的藍(lán)圖。
聯(lián)合開展“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究（2021—2035）”，是中國(guó)科學(xué)院和自然科學(xué)基金委落實(shí)新時(shí)代“兩步走”戰(zhàn)略的具體實(shí)踐。我們面向 2035 年國(guó)家發(fā)展目標(biāo)，結(jié)合科技發(fā)展新特征，進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，從三個(gè)方面組織研究工作：一是總論研究，對(duì)面向2035 年的中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展進(jìn)行了概括和論述，內(nèi)容包括學(xué)科的歷史演進(jìn)及其發(fā)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)力、前沿領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展特征及其與社會(huì)的關(guān)聯(lián)、學(xué)科與前沿領(lǐng)域的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系、世界科學(xué)發(fā)展的整體態(tài)勢(shì)，并匯總了各個(gè)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題和重點(diǎn)方向；二是自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科研究，主要針對(duì)科學(xué)基金資助體系中的重點(diǎn)學(xué)科開展戰(zhàn)略研究，內(nèi)容包括學(xué)科的科學(xué)意義與戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值、發(fā)展規(guī)律與研究特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)、發(fā)展思路與發(fā)展方向、資助機(jī)制與政策建議等；三是前沿領(lǐng)域研究，針對(duì)尚未形成學(xué)科規(guī)模、不具備明確學(xué)科屬性的前沿交叉、新興和關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)領(lǐng)域開展戰(zhàn)略研究，內(nèi)容包括相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值、關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題與核心技術(shù)問題、我國(guó)在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究基礎(chǔ)與條件、我國(guó)在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展思路與政策建議等。
三年多來，400 多位院士、3000 多位專家，圍繞總論、數(shù)學(xué)等18 個(gè)學(xué)科和量子物質(zhì)與應(yīng)用等 19 個(gè)前沿領(lǐng)域問題，堅(jiān)持突出前瞻布局、補(bǔ)齊發(fā)展短板、堅(jiān)定創(chuàng)新自信、統(tǒng)籌分工協(xié)作的原則，開展了深入全面的戰(zhàn)略研究工作，取得了一批重要成果，也形成了共識(shí)性結(jié)論。一是國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略需求和技術(shù)要素成為當(dāng)前學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力之一。有組織的科學(xué)研究及源于技術(shù)的廣泛帶動(dòng)效應(yīng)，實(shí)質(zhì)化地推動(dòng)了學(xué)科前沿的演進(jìn)，夯實(shí)了科技發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，促進(jìn)了人才的培養(yǎng)，并衍生出更多新的學(xué)科生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。二是學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展促進(jìn)深層次交叉融通。學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展越來越呈現(xiàn)出多學(xué)科相互滲透的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。某一類學(xué)科領(lǐng)域采用的研究策略和技術(shù)體系所產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)理論與方法論成果，可以作為共同的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)適用于不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的多個(gè)研究方向。三是科研范式正在經(jīng)歷深刻變革。解決系統(tǒng)性復(fù)雜問題成為當(dāng)前科學(xué)發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)，導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)的研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法和范疇等的改變，形成科學(xué)研究的多層次、多尺度、動(dòng)態(tài)化的基本特征。數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的科研模式有力地推動(dòng)了新時(shí)代科研范式的變革。四是科學(xué)與社會(huì)的互動(dòng)更加密切。發(fā)展學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域愈加重要，與此同時(shí)，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng) +”正在改變科學(xué)交流生態(tài)，并且重塑了科學(xué)的邊界，開放獲取、開放科學(xué)、公眾科學(xué)等都使得越來越多的非專業(yè)人士有機(jī)會(huì)參與到科學(xué)活動(dòng)中來。
“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究（2021—2035）”系列成果以“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域 2035 發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略叢書”的形式出版，納入“國(guó)家科學(xué)思想庫(kù) - 學(xué)術(shù)引領(lǐng)系列”陸續(xù)出版。希望本叢書的出版，能夠?yàn)榭萍冀?、產(chǎn)業(yè)界的專家學(xué)者和技術(shù)人員提供研究指引，為科研管理部門提供決策參考，為科學(xué)基金深化改革、“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃實(shí)施、國(guó)家科學(xué)政策制定提供有力支撐。
在本叢書即將付梓之際，我們衷心感謝為學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究付出心血的院士專家，感謝在咨詢、審讀和管理支撐服務(wù)方面付出辛勞的同志，感謝參與項(xiàng)目組織和管理工作的中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部的丁仲禮、秦大河、王恩哥、朱道本、陳宜瑜、傅伯杰、李樹深、李婷、蘇榮輝、石兵、李鵬飛、錢瑩潔、薛淮、馮霞，自然科學(xué)基金委的王長(zhǎng)銳、韓智勇、鄒立堯、馮雪蓮、黎明、張兆田、楊列勛、高陣雨。學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期、系統(tǒng)的工作，對(duì)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的研判，對(duì)關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題的凝練，對(duì)發(fā)展思路及方向的把握，對(duì)戰(zhàn)略布局的謀劃等，都需要一個(gè)不斷深化、積累、完善的過程。我們由衷地希望更多院士專家參與到未來的學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究中來，匯聚專家智慧，不斷提升凝練科學(xué)問題的能力，為推動(dòng)科研范式變革，促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)研究高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，把科技的命脈牢牢掌握在自己手中，服務(wù)支撐我國(guó)高水平科技自立自強(qiáng)和建設(shè)世界科技強(qiáng)國(guó)夯實(shí)根基做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究（2021—2035）”
聯(lián)合領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組
2023 年 3 月
農(nóng)業(yè)是保障國(guó)家糧食安全、助力鄉(xiāng)村振興和滿足人民美好生活需要的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)和人類健康息息相關(guān)，一方面農(nóng)產(chǎn)品提供人體健康必需的能量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素，另一方面重要?jiǎng)游镆卟『腿诵蠊不疾∪灶l繁威脅人類健康。農(nóng)業(yè)也是國(guó)際交流的重要領(lǐng)域，我國(guó)與一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家有著濃厚的文化基礎(chǔ)和深遠(yuǎn)的合作歷史。為應(yīng)對(duì)糧食安全、生物安全等國(guó)際性挑戰(zhàn)，世界各國(guó)都非常重視農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。目前我國(guó)已形成較完整的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)體系，取得了國(guó)際矚目的研究成果，重大基礎(chǔ)成果發(fā)表在國(guó)際頂尖期刊上，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的國(guó)際影響力不斷提升。但同時(shí)也應(yīng)看到，我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究與歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有一定的差距，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色高效發(fā)展的支撐能力尚待加強(qiáng)。未來5～15年是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)跨越發(fā)展、進(jìn)入創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家前列的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。在這種背景下，研究農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和科學(xué)布局意義重大。為此，國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)生命科學(xué)部根據(jù)“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域2035發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究”的總體部署，成立了農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究組，在聯(lián)合領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組指導(dǎo)下，組織國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)專家，開展了系統(tǒng)的討論、調(diào)研和總結(jié)工作。
農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)是一門多學(xué)科交叉、理論與實(shí)踐緊密結(jié)合的綜合性學(xué)科。考慮到農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的分支學(xué)科較多、差別較大，在戰(zhàn)略研究中，分別成立了農(nóng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)與作物學(xué)、植物保護(hù)學(xué)、園藝學(xué)、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)、林學(xué)、草學(xué)、畜牧學(xué)、獸醫(yī)學(xué)、水產(chǎn)學(xué)、食品科學(xué)等分支學(xué)科的研究組，組織調(diào)研并形成各分支學(xué)科戰(zhàn)略研究報(bào)告。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過多次集中研討，形成農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)戰(zhàn)略研究報(bào)告，并征求多方面意見。在國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)生命科學(xué)部和中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部工作局的組織下，先后兩次征詢各領(lǐng)域?qū)＜乙庖?，并進(jìn)行了多輪修改和完善。
考慮到農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的學(xué)科特點(diǎn)，本書在內(nèi)容的編排上，采取農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)總報(bào)告、各分支學(xué)科報(bào)告的組合方式?？倛?bào)告的有些內(nèi)容是在分支學(xué)科報(bào)告基礎(chǔ)上歸納凝練得來的，部分內(nèi)容會(huì)有交叉?？倛?bào)告由鄧秀新、種康、徐強(qiáng)和馮鋒撰寫。各分支學(xué)科戰(zhàn)略研究報(bào)告的主要負(fù)責(zé)和起草人如下：孫傳清、楊新泉（農(nóng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)與作物學(xué)），周雪平、王源超（植物保護(hù)學(xué)），李天來、黃三文（園藝學(xué)），張福鎖（植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)），朱教君、曾慶銀（林學(xué)），賀金生（草學(xué)），趙書紅（畜牧學(xué)），沈建忠（獸醫(yī)學(xué)），胡煒（水產(chǎn)學(xué)），孫寶國(guó)、陳衛(wèi)（食品科學(xué)）。
本書在調(diào)研和撰寫過程中得到了眾多專家的指導(dǎo)與支持。除“中國(guó)學(xué)科及前沿領(lǐng)域2035發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略叢書”聯(lián)合領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組、聯(lián)合工作組、農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究組、秘書組成員外，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展研究院在調(diào)研工作協(xié)調(diào)、會(huì)議安排等方面給予了大力支持。還有其他大量農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家參與了分支學(xué)科調(diào)研、資料提供、報(bào)告編寫、修改完善等相關(guān)工作，由于篇幅有限，難以一一列出，在此一并表示衷心的感謝。
感謝國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)、中國(guó)科學(xué)院、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院、華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)等單位的大力支持。感謝科學(xué)出版社及編輯在文稿編輯和出版方面付出的大量辛勤勞動(dòng)。
由于農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究發(fā)展快速迭代，調(diào)研和報(bào)告撰寫時(shí)間比較倉(cāng)促，本書難免有不足之處，懇請(qǐng)專家和讀者指正。
鄧秀新 種康
《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)2035發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略》研究組組長(zhǎng)
2022年3月24日
農(nóng)業(yè)是保障國(guó)家糧食安全、助力鄉(xiāng)村振興和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)和人類健康息息相關(guān)，一方面農(nóng)產(chǎn)品提供人體健康必需的能量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素，另一方面重要?jiǎng)游镆卟『腿诵蠊不疾∪灶l繁威脅人類健康。農(nóng)業(yè)還具有美化環(huán)境、涵養(yǎng)生態(tài)、豐富城鄉(xiāng)景觀及傳承文化等社會(huì)功能，在美麗中國(guó)-生態(tài)文明建設(shè)進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著重要的基礎(chǔ)支撐作用。農(nóng)業(yè)也是國(guó)際交流的重要領(lǐng)域，我國(guó)與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品交易有著濃厚的文化基礎(chǔ)和深遠(yuǎn)的合作歷史，農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)提升我國(guó)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、拓寬國(guó)際合作、共建綠色絲綢之路至關(guān)重要。因此，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)作為研究農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)理論與實(shí)踐的一門綜合性科學(xué)，是保障農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要支撐。發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)是提高農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)水平和農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的戰(zhàn)略選擇，是支撐我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。
農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)包括農(nóng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)與作物學(xué)、植物保護(hù)學(xué)、園藝學(xué)、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)、林學(xué)、草學(xué)、畜牧學(xué)、獸醫(yī)學(xué)、水產(chǎn)學(xué)、食品科學(xué)等學(xué)科。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)受到生命科學(xué)等學(xué)科研究成果和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需求的雙重驅(qū)動(dòng)，它關(guān)注農(nóng)業(yè)生物學(xué)的前沿科學(xué)問題，具有為解決農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)問題提供科技支撐的屬性，其發(fā)展規(guī)律具體體現(xiàn)在以下四個(gè)方面。①社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國(guó)家需求是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)不斷發(fā)展的原動(dòng)力。糧食安全等國(guó)家重大需求，消費(fèi)者對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、安全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求，以及生產(chǎn)者對(duì)綠色、高效生產(chǎn)的需求不斷推動(dòng)著產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型。②理論與實(shí)踐緊密結(jié)合是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展的核心生命力。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的問題多數(shù)來自產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需求及生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的突破會(huì)促進(jìn)新技術(shù)的研發(fā)，又經(jīng)實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)后轉(zhuǎn)化為成果來支撐產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。③跨學(xué)科交叉與融合創(chuàng)新是推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展的重要方式。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)與生物學(xué)、化學(xué)、信息學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、資源與環(huán)境、能源等學(xué)科交叉滲透、相互促進(jìn)發(fā)展；隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展，這種發(fā)展規(guī)律表現(xiàn)得更為突出。④合作越來越成為解決重大問題的科研模式。針對(duì)一些現(xiàn)實(shí)重大問題及復(fù)雜問題的研究，未來農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的國(guó)際合作增加是一個(gè)必然趨勢(shì)。
我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)主要體現(xiàn)在以下五點(diǎn)。①保障糧食安全和食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的核心與目標(biāo)。從世界范圍看，人口增長(zhǎng)、生活水平提高導(dǎo)致糧食安全和營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康食品需求壓力持續(xù)加大，而耕地、水等資源不足對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的制約日益收緊，因此，農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)植物的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、綠色、安全仍然是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的研究主題。②智慧農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新加速發(fā)展，將引發(fā)未來農(nóng)業(yè)范式的變革。智慧農(nóng)業(yè)代表未來農(nóng)業(yè)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力，加強(qiáng)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)從基礎(chǔ)研究到技術(shù)創(chuàng)新再到產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)制的整體戰(zhàn)略布局，對(duì)推動(dòng)我國(guó)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色、高效、可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。③農(nóng)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈逐漸貫通，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。貫通農(nóng)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，以農(nóng)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈物質(zhì)循環(huán)及其生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)定量分析和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為基礎(chǔ)，突破單項(xiàng)“卡脖子”技術(shù)，集成綜合技術(shù)模式，是實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的必由之路。④面向主產(chǎn)區(qū)是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的重要趨勢(shì)。從事農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究的研究人員越來越重視將科學(xué)目標(biāo)與國(guó)家需求相結(jié)合，圍繞農(nóng)業(yè)主產(chǎn)區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中的問題開展科學(xué)研究，將基礎(chǔ)研究成果應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中，讓基礎(chǔ)研究成果在確保國(guó)家糧食安全和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給中發(fā)揮更好的作用。⑤全球氣候變化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響逐步顯現(xiàn)，節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境友好勢(shì)在必行。氣候變化導(dǎo)致的極端天氣事件將使農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失增大，農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)全球氣候變化的響應(yīng)與適應(yīng)正受到國(guó)際科學(xué)界的廣泛重視，利用現(xiàn)代高科技，逐漸改變農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境友好和資源節(jié)約，是當(dāng)前世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路。
為應(yīng)對(duì)糧食安全、生物安全等問題，世界各國(guó)都非常重視農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。目前我國(guó)已形成完整的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)體系，具備了農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究的平臺(tái)，農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)科人才隊(duì)伍日益壯大。我國(guó)科學(xué)家在水稻等農(nóng)作物遺傳育種研究、生物害蟲聚群成災(zāi)機(jī)制、園藝產(chǎn)品風(fēng)味形成機(jī)制、農(nóng)業(yè)綠色增產(chǎn)增效技術(shù)體系、畜禽遺傳資源與環(huán)境適應(yīng)性、禽流感病毒跨種傳播機(jī)制等諸多領(lǐng)域的重大基礎(chǔ)研究成果具有重大的國(guó)際影響力。在作物學(xué)、園藝學(xué)、植物保護(hù)學(xué)、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)、林學(xué)、食品科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的研究支撐形成了一批植物新品種、新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品，畜牧學(xué)、獸醫(yī)學(xué)和水產(chǎn)學(xué)的發(fā)展孕育了一批畜禽、水產(chǎn)品種，研發(fā)了各種重要新型疫苗，為我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定增產(chǎn)、改善人們生活質(zhì)量、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境等做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。但同時(shí)也應(yīng)看到，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究與歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有一定的差距，這突出表現(xiàn)在領(lǐng)域間和不同研究對(duì)象間發(fā)展不平衡、不同領(lǐng)域研究力量不平衡，以及以我為主的國(guó)際合作與重大交流較少，缺乏我國(guó)主導(dǎo)的重大科學(xué)計(jì)劃等方面。我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域重大原始性創(chuàng)新成果、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展關(guān)鍵技術(shù)成果與產(chǎn)業(yè)需求還有一定的距離，儲(chǔ)備仍有不足，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的支撐和對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村振興的服務(wù)能力尚待加強(qiáng)。我國(guó)在隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、經(jīng)費(fèi)投入、平臺(tái)建設(shè)及農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展貫通等方面仍有待完善。
未來5～15年是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)跨越發(fā)展、進(jìn)入創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家前列的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。未來15年農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的發(fā)展布局，即圍繞糧食安全、鄉(xiāng)村振興、種源安全、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展等國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略需求，聚焦高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、綠色、安全主題，研究種業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新以及優(yōu)良品種培育的理論與技術(shù)，揭示重要農(nóng)業(yè)生物（植物、動(dòng)物、微生物）生命活動(dòng)、遺傳改良、高效生產(chǎn)及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品優(yōu)質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)性狀調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)規(guī)律，推動(dòng)我國(guó)在農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)自主創(chuàng)新、資源高效利用、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、食物安全、生物產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展等方面基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究的發(fā)展。
農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的發(fā)展思路是突出我國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)和特色領(lǐng)域，兼顧提升薄弱方向，加強(qiáng)我國(guó)在農(nóng)作物、園藝作物，以及畜禽、水產(chǎn)等農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物的生物學(xué)及遺傳改良和分子設(shè)計(jì)育種、農(nóng)業(yè)有害生物大區(qū)流行控制等方面研究的優(yōu)勢(shì)；扶持食品科學(xué)尤其是與人類營(yíng)養(yǎng)、健康相關(guān)的研究領(lǐng)域，以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)全球變化的響應(yīng)等薄弱方向；鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)業(yè)生物抗逆（生物逆境、非生物逆境）的分子機(jī)制和宏觀效應(yīng)等前沿方向研究；重視學(xué)科交叉和方法創(chuàng)新，積極開展與信息、工程科學(xué)交叉的設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、植物工廠等智慧農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的交叉方向研究，培植農(nóng)業(yè)生物組學(xué)與大數(shù)據(jù)等新興領(lǐng)域。
未來5～15年，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)是根據(jù)國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力提高和鄉(xiāng)村振興重大需求蘊(yùn)含的重要科學(xué)問題，瞄準(zhǔn)世界農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)前沿，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究和原始創(chuàng)新，在更深的層面和更廣泛的領(lǐng)域開展重大農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)問題研究，提高我國(guó)自主創(chuàng)新能力和解決重大問題的能力，為國(guó)家糧食安全、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)與綠色健康發(fā)展提供科學(xué)支撐，使我國(guó)在2030年初步建成世界農(nóng)業(yè)科技強(qiáng)國(guó)，成為農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術(shù)創(chuàng)新研究方面的先進(jìn)國(guó)家，并在某些研究領(lǐng)域處于世界領(lǐng)先地位；到2035年，使我國(guó)在農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家前列，原始創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與集成創(chuàng)新能力躋身世界一流行列。
基于農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的研究規(guī)律、發(fā)展布局、發(fā)展思路和發(fā)展目標(biāo)，本書提出了未來15年農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)的優(yōu)先發(fā)展領(lǐng)域和重大交叉領(lǐng)域。優(yōu)先發(fā)展領(lǐng)域包括以下12個(gè)方面。①農(nóng)業(yè)生物重要遺傳資源基因發(fā)掘及分子設(shè)計(jì)育種的理論基礎(chǔ)。遺傳資源是農(nóng)業(yè)生物遺傳改良的戰(zhàn)略資源，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生物遺傳資源進(jìn)行精細(xì)評(píng)價(jià)，規(guī)?；l(fā)掘和利用優(yōu)良等位基因，通過分子設(shè)計(jì)將優(yōu)良等位基因聚合，創(chuàng)制新種質(zhì)，培育新品種，為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)與綠色發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略需求提供重要的科技支撐。②農(nóng)業(yè)生物雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)形成的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)及利用新途徑。闡明動(dòng)植物雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)形成的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，開拓創(chuàng)建雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用新途徑和雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)固定的新育種體系，為保障我國(guó)肉糧安全做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。③主要農(nóng)業(yè)生物優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效栽培/飼養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)和調(diào)控。為適應(yīng)新時(shí)期綠色安全生產(chǎn)需求，需要對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生物產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)、資源高效、適應(yīng)性廣、生產(chǎn)安全等多重目標(biāo)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究，這不僅是持續(xù)保障我國(guó)食物安全的核心問題，也是我國(guó)種植業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期和重大戰(zhàn)略性任務(wù)。④農(nóng)作物非生物逆境抗性和養(yǎng)分高效利用的機(jī)制。進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)農(nóng)作物非生物逆境抗性和養(yǎng)分高效利用的生物學(xué)機(jī)制研究，揭示其遺傳、生理及栽培調(diào)控機(jī)制，對(duì)減輕逆境傷害與損失，提高養(yǎng)分利用效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)作物優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效和可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)具有重要意義。⑤農(nóng)作物有害生物演變與成災(zāi)機(jī)制。農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整直接影響有害生物的寄主來源與生境條件。闡明該過程中農(nóng)作物有害生物的演變過程和成災(zāi)機(jī)制，對(duì)有害生物的有效防控及作物的綠色高效生產(chǎn)具有重要科學(xué)價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。⑥農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)性狀形成的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。深入發(fā)掘不同品種肉蛋奶等性狀形成的調(diào)控基因、主要物質(zhì)合成規(guī)律及重要的調(diào)控分子，解析動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)形成的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)糧食安全保障和國(guó)民營(yíng)養(yǎng)提升十分重要。⑦主要農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物疾病發(fā)生、傳播和控制。重要?jiǎng)游镆卟『腿诵蠊不疾∪試?yán)重影響與制約我國(guó)畜禽產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展、食品安全及人類健康，針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)主要?jiǎng)游镆卟〉陌l(fā)生、傳播和控制進(jìn)行研究，可為重要疫病的疫苗研發(fā)、診斷和藥物設(shè)計(jì)及防控策略制定提供理論與技術(shù)支撐。⑧食品風(fēng)味與營(yíng)養(yǎng)、安全機(jī)制及調(diào)控機(jī)制。針對(duì)食品風(fēng)味、營(yíng)養(yǎng)和安全問題展開研究，是滿足食品內(nèi)在品質(zhì)要求、保障居民健康的重要內(nèi)容。⑨園藝作物產(chǎn)品器官形成與發(fā)育的機(jī)制。園藝作物產(chǎn)品器官形成和發(fā)育具有特殊性，從基因水平解析產(chǎn)品器官的形成和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育規(guī)律，結(jié)合我國(guó)園藝作物品種資源豐富的特點(diǎn)，可促進(jìn)具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的優(yōu)良園藝作物品種培育。⑩森林質(zhì)量功能形成與提升機(jī)制及林木產(chǎn)品調(diào)控生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。培育優(yōu)質(zhì)林木新品種，構(gòu)筑森林質(zhì)量功能精準(zhǔn)提升的理論與技術(shù)體系，深化林木產(chǎn)品多尺度互作調(diào)控機(jī)制，提升森林質(zhì)量功能與提高林木產(chǎn)品全質(zhì)化利用已成為我國(guó)林業(yè)發(fā)展的重大科技需求。？優(yōu)質(zhì)安全草產(chǎn)品開發(fā)與家畜高效轉(zhuǎn)化利用的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究。優(yōu)質(zhì)安全草產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)是現(xiàn)代草食家畜業(yè)特別是奶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)和保障，開展優(yōu)質(zhì)安全草產(chǎn)品開發(fā)與家畜高效轉(zhuǎn)化利用研究，對(duì)推動(dòng)我國(guó)現(xiàn)代草食畜牧業(yè)和草產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重大的戰(zhàn)略意義。？果蔬及生鮮食品儲(chǔ)藏與保鮮過程中品質(zhì)變化的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。解析生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)藏、物流期間的衰老和品質(zhì)維持/劣變機(jī)制是儲(chǔ)藏與保鮮的前提，有利于果蔬、糧食、畜禽、水產(chǎn)等產(chǎn)業(yè)提檔升級(jí)，保障食品安全，提高行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
重大交叉領(lǐng)域包括以下四個(gè)方面。①大數(shù)據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)生物組學(xué)與智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)理論與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。大數(shù)據(jù)和智慧農(nóng)業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展的重要前沿方向，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基因組學(xué)等大數(shù)據(jù)生物學(xué)和以信息科技為依托的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)研究，推動(dòng)現(xiàn)代設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、植物工廠、智慧養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)效益，有助于改變傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的面貌、增加我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。②農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境生態(tài)互作機(jī)制和功能調(diào)控。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境壓力的加大，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)和環(huán)境問題日益凸顯，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境生態(tài)互作和功能調(diào)控的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)問題開展研究，可為農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)服務(wù)功能提升提供理論基礎(chǔ)與技術(shù)支撐。③海洋牧場(chǎng)生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)與調(diào)控機(jī)制。海洋牧場(chǎng)集環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源養(yǎng)護(hù)和漁業(yè)持續(xù)產(chǎn)出于一體，是實(shí)現(xiàn)漁業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)和“三產(chǎn)”融合發(fā)展的重要途徑，多學(xué)科交叉開展海洋牧場(chǎng)生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)與調(diào)控機(jī)制研究，支撐我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化海洋牧場(chǎng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，對(duì)海洋生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施具有重要意義。④農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品綠色生產(chǎn)與人類健康。在動(dòng)物遺傳育種、營(yíng)養(yǎng)與優(yōu)質(zhì)畜產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和人類健康的關(guān)系研究方面取得突破，是由追求數(shù)量型轉(zhuǎn)向追求促進(jìn)人類健康的優(yōu)質(zhì)型畜牧水產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的共識(shí)和方向。
農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)國(guó)際合作是農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新的重要組成部分。未來15 年，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)國(guó)際合作的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域包括以下四個(gè)方面。①“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)生物資源研究與評(píng)價(jià)。共同建立“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)生物資源和數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)全球農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。②跨境農(nóng)業(yè)生物重大病蟲害成災(zāi)機(jī)制與監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)研究。明確不同國(guó)家多樣性氣候條件、多類型農(nóng)業(yè)管理制度、種植養(yǎng)殖方式與跨境病蟲害之間的發(fā)生規(guī)律，有效控制重大病蟲害。③食源性致病微生物全球傳播與分子溯源網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立及應(yīng)用評(píng)價(jià)。食源性致病微生物呈現(xiàn)全球傳播與流行趨勢(shì)，構(gòu)建食源性致病微生物全球傳播監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與分子溯源體系是保障食品安全和及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)食源性致病微生物暴發(fā)事件的重要舉措。④農(nóng)業(yè)生物對(duì)全球氣候變化的響應(yīng)。全球氣候變化直接影響農(nóng)業(yè)生物的生產(chǎn)、品質(zhì)和安全，并調(diào)節(jié)作物與有害生物的種群關(guān)系，影響全球糧食安全和生態(tài)安全，已成為人類生存和發(fā)展面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。
Abstract
Agriculture is an important industry to ensure national food security, support rural revitalization, and facilitate national economic and social development. It is closely related to human health. On the one hand, agricultural products are an important source of energy and nutritional elements necessary for human health. On the other hand, important animal epidemics and zoonosis are still posing frequent threats to human health. In addition, agriculture bears a variety of social functions, including landscaping, ecological conservation, urban and rural landscape construction, cultural inheritance, etc., thus playing a fundamental role in the ecological civilization construction of “Beautiful China”. Agriculture is also an essential feld of international exchanges. China boasts a profound cultural foundation and history of cooperation in the transactions of agricultural product with countries along the “Belt and Road”. This industry is thus crucial for strengthening the country’s international competitiveness and broadening international cooperation in building the Silk Road of Green Development. This is why agricultural science, as a comprehensive science to study the theories and practices of agricultural production, is a crucial support of agricultural technology progress, industrial development and the steady growth of national economy and society. To develop agricultural science is strategic choice of China to improve its agricultural technology and international competitiveness in agriculture, which will lay a foundation for the implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy and agriculture sustainable development.
Agricultural science covers multiple disciplines, including basic agriculture and plant/crop science, plant protection, horticulture, plant nutrition science, forestry, herbalism, animal science, veterinary medicine, fshery science, food science and agricultural interdisciplinary disciplines. Driven by both the research achievements of life science and other disciplines and the development needs of agricultural industry, agricultural science not only concerns the cutting-edge scientific issues in the field of agrobiology, but also provides technical support for addressing problems in agricultural production. The laws that underlie the development of agricultural science are manifested in the following four aspects. (1)Social and economic development and national demands are the motive power driving the constant growth of agricultural science. For example, the industrial upgrading and transformation of agriculture is the result of continuous spurring of a series of demands, including major national demands (e.g., food security), consumers’demands for high-quality, nutritious and safe agricultural products, and manufacturers’demands for green and efficient production. (2)The core vitality of the development of agricultural science lies in the close combination of theory and practice. Most of the problems in agricultural science research result from industrial development demands and production practice. Breakthroughs in this field will spur the research and development of new technologies, which are likely to be transformed into actual outcomes to support industrial development. (3)Interdisciplinary fusion and integrating innovation is an important means to promote the development of agricultural science. With the development of modern science and technology, the trend of fusion, penetration and mutual promotion between agricultural science and other disciplines such as biology, chemistry, informatics, medicine, resource and environment, and energy is becoming more prominent. (4)Cooperation has increasingly become the solution of scientifc research to address major issues. There is inevitably a growing trend of international cooperation in the research on agricultural science for some major practical and complex problems in the future.
The development trend of agricultural science in China is mainly reflected in following several aspects. (1)The focus and goal of agricultural science research are to ensure food security and food nutrition and health. From the global perspective, population growth and upturn living standards have led to increasingly growing pressure on food security and the demands for nutritious and healthy food. However, the shortage of arable land, water and other resources has increasingly tightened the constraints on agriculture. (2)The accelerated development of smart agriculture innovation will lead to the transformation of agricultural paradigm in the future. Smart agriculture represents an advanced productive force of agriculture in the future. To improve our overall strategic planning of smart agriculture from basic research to technological innovation and product creation is of great strategic signifcance to promoting the green, efcient and sustainable agricultural development of modern agriculture in China. (3)The gradual complete connection of the whole industrial chain of agriculture is facilitating its green and high-quality development. Connection to the whole industrial chain of agriculture is the only way to realize green and high-quality development of agriculture. Specifc eforts include resolving technology bottlenecks through innovation and integrating technology patterns based on quantified system analysis and design for the material cycle of the whole industrial chain of agriculture and its ecological and environmental effects. (4)Problems from major agricultural regions are becoming an important subject of research on agricultural science. The personnel engaging in basic research of agricultural science are giving increasing weight to the combination of scientific goals and national demands in the scientific research on the problems of industrial development in major agricultural regions. The basic research outcomes are then applied in agricultural production so that they will play a better role in ensuring national food security and efective supply of important agricultural products. (5)The growing impacts of global climate change on agriculture make it imperative to carry out emission reduction and eco-friendly campaigns. Extreme climate events will lead to more losses in agricultural production and economy. How the agriculture sector responds and adapts to global climate changes is widely concerned by the international scientific community. It is believed that the key to global agricultural development at present lies in the utilization of modern high technology to gradually reform the mode of agricultural production and operation towards the goals of environmental friendliness, resource conservation.
In order to address food security, biological security and other issues, all countries in the world put a high value on the research of agricultural science. China now has established a complete agricultural science system and a platform for agricultural science research. Besides, the number of agricultural professionals is also expanding. Chinese scientists have produced a great many major basic research achievements with significant global influence in fields such as the research on genetics and breeding of rice and other crops, the mechanism of biological pest clustering disasters, the mechanism of horticultural product flavor formation, the technical system for increasing the yield and efficiency of agricultural green products, the adaptability of livestock and poultry genetic resources to the environment, and the mechanism of cross-species transmission of avian infuenza viruses. Anumber of new plant varieties, technologies and products have been developed through research in crop science, horticulture, plant protection, plant nutrition, forestry, food science and other fields. With the development of animal husbandry, veterinary science and fshery science, new species of livestock, poultry and aquatic products and a variety of important new vaccines have been produced. Those achievements have contributed greatly to the stable increase in agricultural output, life quality improvement and ecological environment protection in China. However, it should also be noted that there is certain gap between China’s agricultural science research and the international advanced level in the United States and Europe. It is mainly reflected in the unbalanced development among different sectors and diferent research objects, the imbalance of research forces in diferent felds, the lack of international cooperation and major exchanges dominated by China, and the lack of major scientifc plans led by China. A gap remains between the major original innovation achievements in agriculture, key technical results of industrial development and industrial demands, as relevant reserves are still insufcient. The country’s capacity to support agricultural development and rural revitalization remains to be strengthened. Other efforts shall be intensified to promote team building, funds input, platform construction, and the connection between agricultural science research and industrial development.
The next 5 to 15 years will be a period of strategic opportunity for the great-leap-forward development of the country’s agricultural science and its transformation into a leading innovative power in the world. The country’s development planning of agricultural science in the next 15 years will be focused on addressing major national strategic needs such as food security, rural revitalization, seed source security and green agricultural development in order to realize the goals of high yield, high quality, high efciency, eco-friendliness and safety. Through research on the theories and technologies for independent innovation of seed industry and breeding of excellent varieties, this book will reveal the basic laws underlying the vital activities of agricultural lives (plants, animals, microorganisms), genetic improvement, efcient production, and regulation of high-quality nutritional traits of agricultural products. In addition, this book will promote the development of basic research and applied basic research in felds such as independent innovation of agricultural germplasms, efficient utilization of resources, ecological and environmental protection, food safety, and biological industry development.
The development mode of agricultural science includes intensifcation advantages and characteristics, improving the country’s weaknesses and reinforcing its strengths in the research of food crops, horticultural plants, livestock, poultry, aquatic products and other agricultural animals, as well as their genetic improvement, molecular design and breeding, and regional epidemic control of agricultural pests; supporting research on food science, subjects related to human nutrition and health, and the country’s weak links such as agricultural production response to global changes; encouraging research on frontier domains such as the molecular mechanism and macro effects of agricultural biological stress resistance (including resistance to biological and abiotic stress); attaching importance to interdisciplinary research and techniques innovation, i.e., actively carrying out interdisciplinary research on smart agriculture fields such as facility agriculture, precision agriculture and plant factories that intersect with information engineering science, and developing emerging felds such as agricultural bioinformatics and big data.
The strategic goals of developing agricultural science include strengthening applied basic research and original innovation on important scientifc issues arising from the major demands of agricultural productivity improvement and rural revitalization for the purpose of reaching the world advanced level in agricultural science; studying major agricultural scientific problems at a deeper level and in a wider range; improving China’s capacity of independent innovation and addressing major problems; and providing scientifc support for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural industry and its green and sound development. In doing so, it is expected that China will become a leading innovative power in agriculture by 2035, with its capabilities of original innovation, technological innovation and integrated innovation ranking among the best in the world.
This study provides a list of priority felds and major interdisciplinary fields for the development of agricultural science in the next 15 years based on the research laws, development planning, development strategy and development goals of agricultural science. The priority fields include the following aspects. (1)The theoretical basis of gene discovery and molecular design breeding of important genetic resources for agricultural living things. Genetic resources are strategic resources for genetic improvement of agricultural lives. A series of moves will be taken to provide important technical support for the eforts to satisfy the strategic needs of agricultural transformation and upgrading and green development, including fine evaluation of genetic resources for agricultural lives, large-scale exploration and utilization of excellent allele, aggregation of excellent alleles through molecular design, creation of new germplasms and cultivation of new varieties. (2)The biological basis of heterosis for agricultural lives and their new utilizations. The interpretation of the biological basis for the formation of animal and plant heterosis and the development of new approaches to utilize heterosis and a new breeding system with fixed heterosis will contribute more to the ensuring meat and grain safety in China. (3)The basis and regulation of high-quality, high-yield and high-efciency cultivation/feeding of major agricultural lives. As a core task to adapt to the demands for green and safe production in the new era and to ensure food safety in China on a continuous basis, China will conduct multi-objective systematic research on the yield and quality, resource efciency, adaptability and production safety of agricultural lives. (4)The mechanism of crop resistance to abiotic stress and efficient utilization of nutrients. Efforts to strengthen the research on the biological mechanism of abiotic stress resistance and nutrient efficient utilization of crops, and to reveal their genetic, physiological and cultural regulation mechanism are of great signifcance for achieving high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable crop production. (5)Crop pests and disaster occurrence mechanism. As the adjustment of crop planting structure has a direct impact on the host source and habitat conditions of pests, an explanation of the evolution process and disaster mechanism of crop pests in such process is of important scientific value and practical significance to effectively control pests and promote green and efficient crop production. (6)The biological basis for the formation of yield and quality traits of agricultural animal products. In order to ensure food security and improve national nutrition, it is essential to intensify efforts to discover the regulatory genes, synthesis pattern of main substances and important regulatory molecules for the formation of diferent varieties of meat, eggs and milk, and to analyze the biological basis for the formation of animal product yield and quality traits. (7)The occurrence, transmission and control of major agricultural animal diseases. China is still severely impacted and restricted by important animal epidemics and zoonosis in the sound development of its livestock and poultry industry as well as food safety and human health. The research on the occurrence, transmission and control of major agricultural animal epidemics will provide theoretical and technical support for the design of vaccines, diagnosis and drugs as well as the generation of prevention and control strategies for important epidemics. (8)The mechanism and regulation of food flavor, nutrition and safety. China will conduct research on food flavor, nutrition and safety issues as an important move to meet the interior requirements of food quality and safeguard residents’health. (9)The mechanism of organ formation and development of horticultural crops. Due to the particularities of organ formation and development of horticultural crops, the analysis of their laws from the perspective of gene levels will provide insights into plant developmental biology and promote the cultivation of excellent horticultural crop varieties with independent intellectual property rights. (10)The mechanism for the formation and improvement of forest quality functions and the biological basis of forest product regulation. To facilitate forestry development in China, a number of major technological demands shall be addressed, including cultivating new varieties of high-quality forest trees, building a theoretical and technical system for precise improvement of forest quality functions, deepening the multi-scale interaction and control mechanism of forest products, improving forest quality functions and increasing the full quality utilization of forest products. (11)Basic biological research on the development of high-quality and safe grass products and efcient livestock transformation and utilization. The production of high-quality and safe forage products is essential for the sound development of modern herbivorous livestock industry. In order to promote the development of modern herbivorous animal husbandry and grass industry, it is of great strategic signifcance to study the development of high-quality and safe forage products and efficient livestock transformation and utilization. (12)The biological basis of quality variation of fruits, vegetables and fresh food during storage and preservation. An understanding of the aging and quality maintenance/deterioration mechanism of fresh agricultural products during storage and transportation is the premise to ensure their efcient storage and retain freshness, which will contribute to the upgrading of fruit and vegetable, grain, livestock and poultry, aquatic products and other industries, ensure food safety, improve industry competitiveness and promote sustainable development.
The major interdisciplinary fields include the following four aspects. (1)The basic theory and technological innovation of big data-based agricultural bioinformatics and smart agriculture. Big data and smart agriculture are important frontiers of agricultural science. A series of measures can be taken in these fields to transform traditional agriculture and increase the country’s international competitiveness of agricultural science and technology, including strengthening research on big data biology (e.g., agricultural genomics) and IT-based smart agriculture, promoting the development of modern facility agriculture, precision agriculture, plant factories and smart farming, and increasing the efficiency of agricultural industry. (2)The eco-environmental interaction mechanism and functional regulation of agricultural, forestry and grass production systems. The increasing environmental pressure on the agricultural ecosystem has resulted in increasingly prominent ecological and environmental problems in agricultural production. Thus, it is necessary to study the key and essential issues impacting the environmental ecological interaction and functional regulation of the agricultural production systems, which will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem and the improvement of ecological service functions. (3)Research on the eco-environmental effect and regulation mechanism of marine ranching. As an industry integrating functions of environmental protection, resource conservation and sustainable fishery output, marine ranching plays an important role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the fishery industry and the integration of the three major agricultural industries. The interdisciplinary research on the ecological environmental effect and regulation mechanism of marine ranching will support the high-quality development of the country’s modern marine ranching industry, which will be of great significance to marine ecological civilization construction and the implementation of the strategy of building maritime power. (4)Green production of high-quality agricultural animal products and human health. China is dedicated to making breakthroughs in the research on the relationship between animal genetics breeding, nutrition and production of high-quality livestock products, and human health. This is also the common aspiration and goal of shifting from the pursuit of quantity-oriented animal industry and aquatic products industries to quality-oriented industries that aim at enhancing human health.
The international cooperation on agricultural science plays an important part in agricultural science and technology innovations. This study proposes to intensify international cooperation in the following key fields of agricultural science in the next 15 years. (1)Research and evaluation of agricultural biological resources in countries along the “Belt and Road”. Concerted eforts will be made to establish agricultural biological resources and data platforms in countries along the “Belt and Road” to promote sustainable development of global agriculture. (2)Research on the disaster mechanisms and monitoring technologies of major cross-border diseases and pests of agricultural living things. In order to effectively control the major diseases and pests of agricultural living things, this book will conduct research on the relationship between diverse climate conditions, various agricultural management systems, planting and breeding methods and cross-border pests and diseases in diferent countries. (3)Establishment, application and evaluation of the global transmission and molecular traceability network of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms. Facing the global spread of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms, we need to establish a global transmission and molecular traceability network as an important move to ensure food safety and immediate response to the outbreaks of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms. (4)Response of agricultural lives to global climate changes. Global climate changes have become common challenges for human survival and development as they directly afect the production, quality and security of agricultural lives, regulate the population relationship between crops and pests, and impact global food security and ecological security.
主辦單位：中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部學(xué)術(shù)與出版工作委員會(huì)
技術(shù)支持：中國(guó)科學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心
關(guān)于學(xué)術(shù)引領(lǐng)網(wǎng)站上的任何文字、圖片、視頻資料的使用必須經(jīng)過中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部工作局的許可
© 1996 - 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 版權(quán)所有 京ICP備05002857號(hào)-1 京公網(wǎng)安備110402500047號(hào)
通訊地址：北京市海淀區(qū)中關(guān)村北一條15號(hào)（100190）
